Achondroplasia - A hereditary condition in which the growth of long bones by ossification of cartilage is retarded, resulting in very short limbs and sometimes a face which is small in relation to the (normal sized) skull.

 Apert Syndrome ( --> Acrocephalocyndactylia ) - also called APERT'S SYNDROME congenital malformation of the skeleton, affecting the skull, hands, and feet, first described by the French pediatrician Eugène Apert.

 Arthritis - Disease causing painful inflammation and stiffness of the joints.

 Arthritis, Rheumatoid (Musculoskeletal Diseases) - A chronic progressive disease causing inflammation in the joints and resulting in painful deformity and immobility, especially in the fingers, wrists, feet, and ankles.

 Arthrogryposis

 Arthropathy, Neurogenic - Also called Charcot's Joint, is a massive destruction of a stress-bearing joint, with development of large flanges and spurs of new bone at the sides of the joint. The condition eventually causes inability to use the joint but is accompanied by little or no sensation of pain or discomfort.

 Bechterew Disease( --> Spondylitis, Ankylosing ) - Also known as Marie-Strümpell, affects some of the peripheral joints, such as the hip; but its principal location is in the spine and sacroiliac joints. In the spine, the small synovial joints and the margins of the intervertebral disks are both involved. These structures become bridged by bone, and the spine is accordingly rigid.

 Bone Diseases, Metabolic

 Bunion ( --> Foot Deformities ) - A painful swelling on the first joint of the big toe.

 Bursitis - An inflammation of a synovial bursa, the lubricating sac located over a joint or between tendons and muscles or bones.

 Cartilage Diseases

 Chondritis, Costal ( --> Tietze's Syndrome)

 Chondroma

 Chondromalacia

 Chondromalacia Patellae

 Costochondritis ( --> Tietze's Syndrome)

 Craniosynostoses - Also called CRANIOSTOSIS, any of several types of cranial deformity--sometimes accompanied by other abnormalities--that result from the premature union of the skull vault bones. The defect is five times more frequent in males than in females, and all simple forms seem to show a recessive pattern of inheritance.

 Compartment Syndromes

 Clubfoot - A deformed foot which is twisted so that the sole cannot be placed flat on the ground. It is typically congenital or a result of polio.

 Crouzon Syndrome ( --> Acrocephalosyndactylia) - Crouzon's disease is a rare, heritable disorder characterized by the fusing of the coronal, sagittal, and sometimes lamboid (side to side posteriorly) sutures, undergrowth of the upper jaw, and other deformities. Premature closure of the metopic suture (which separates the frontal bone into halves for the first two years of life) produces a triangularly shaped head (trigonocephaly) and may be accompanied by brain damage.

 Dermatomyositis - Inflammation of the skin and underlying muscle tissue, involving degeneration of collagen, discoloration, and swelling, typically occurring as an autoimmune condition or associated with internal cancer.

 de Quervain's Tendinitis ( --> Tenosynovitis) - Inflammation and swelling of a tendon, typically in the wrist, often caused by repetitive movements such as typing.
 Dupuytren's Contracture - A condition in which there is fixed forward curvature of one or more fingers, caused by the development of a fibrous connection between the finger tendons and the skin of the palm.

 Dwarfism - Unusually or abnormally low stature or small size.

 Enchondromatosis - A solitary cartilaginous lesion that occurs mostly in the shafts of bones of the hands and feet, usually between adolescence and about age 50. Enchondromas are benign, slow-growing tumours.

 Exostoses

 Fasciitis - Inflammation of the fascia of a muscle or organ.

 Fibrodysplasia Ossificans Progressiva ( --> Myositis Ossificans) - In the progressive type (myositis ossificans progressiva), group after group of muscles become ossified until the individual is completely rigid. Breathing and swallowing become difficult, and death usually follows respiratory infection.

 Fibromyalgia

 Felty Syndrome ( --> Arthritis, Rheumatoid) - In Felty's syndrome, rheumatoid arthritis coexists with enlargement of the spleen and diminution in the number of circulating blood cells, particularly the white blood cells. Removal of the spleen restores the blood to normal but has no effect on the arthritis.

 Fibrous Dysplasia of Bone - Also called Mccune-albright Syndrome, rare congenital developmental disorder beginning in childhood, characterized by cyst formation and replacement of solid, calcified bone with fibrous tissue, often only on one side of the body, in the long bones and pelvis. Other signs include unilateral (one-sided) enlargement of the bones of the face and base of the skull, café au lait (pale brown) spots on the skin, and endocrine imbalance leading to precocious puberty, especially in girls.

 Fibrous Dysplasia, Polyostotic

 Foot Deformities

 Freiberg's Disease

 Flatfoot - A foot with an arch that is lower than usual.

 Funnel Chest

 Treacher Collins Syndrome (--> Manidibulofacial Dysostosis) - also called TREACHER COLLINS SYNDROME, OR FRANCHESCHETTI-KLEIN SYNDROME, a rare, genetic disorder, inherited as an autosomal-dominant trait and characterized by some or all of the following: underdevelopment of the cheek and jaw bones, widely separated eyes, malformation of the lower eyelid and lack of eyelashes, malformation of the ear auricle, lack of an external ear canal with resultant conductive deafness, and other, less common abnormalities.

 Goldenhar Syndrome

Gout - A disease in which defective metabolism of uric acid causes arthritis, especially in the smaller bones of the feet, deposition of chalk-stones, and episodes of acute pain.

 Hallux Valgus - A deformity involving oblique displacement of part of a limb away from the midline.

 Hammertoes ( --> Foot Deformities)

 Hyperostosis

 Intervertebral Disk Displacement

 Kabuki Make-Up Syndrome

 Kienboecks Disease ( --> Osteochondritis)

 Klippel-Feil Syndrome - Fusion of the upper cervical vertebrae in the Klippel-Feil anomaly is another malformation, but it does not always produce symptoms.

 Langer-Giedion Syndrome

 Legg-Perthes Disease - The most common form, coxa plana, or Legg-Calvé-Perthes syndrome, affects the hip and most often begins about the age of six. It is four times more frequent in boys than in girls.

 Mandibulofacial Dysostosis - Also called TREACHER COLLINS SYNDROME, OR FRANCHESCHETTI-KLEIN SYNDROME, a rare, genetic disorder, inherited as an autosomal-dominant trait and characterized by some or all of the following: underdevelopment of the cheek and jaw bones, widely separated eyes, malformation of the lower eyelid and lack of eyelashes, malformation of the ear auricle, lack of an external ear canal with resultant conductive deafness, and other, less common abnormalities.

 McCune-Albright Syndrome ( --> Fibrous Dysplasia, Polyostotic) - Also called PSEUDOHYPOPARATHYROIDISM, hereditary disease characterized by abnormal bony growths; pigmented skin spots; mental retardation; endocrine disturbances, including precocious puberty in girls; and abnormal calcium metabolism.

 Mitochondrial Myopathies - Some muscle disorders, such as the mitochondrial and lipid storage myopathies, result from a genetic defect in an enzyme necessary in metabolism.

 Muscle Cramp - Also called Tenosynovitis, a condition in which the sheath enclosing a tendon to the wrist or to one of the fingers becomes inflamed, causing pain and temporary disability, can also result from prolonged repetitive movement.

 Muscle Spasticity

 Muscular Dystrophies

 Osteoarthritis - Degeneration of joint cartilage and the underlying bone, most common from middle age onward. It causes pain and stiffness, especially in the hip, knee, and thumb joints.

 Myopathies, Congenital

 Myositis - Inflammation and degeneration of muscle tissue.

 Myositis Ossificans - Also called Stiffman Syndrome, rare disorder in which muscle tissue is replaced by bone.

 Myotubular Myopathy

 Necrosis, Avascular, of Bone ( --> Osteonecrosis) - The death of bone tissue.

 Neuroma, Morton's ( --> Foot Deformities)

 Osgood Schlatter Disease (--> Osteochondritis)

 Osteitis Deformans - Also called Paget's Disease Of Bone, moderately common chronic disease of middle age, characterized by local disorganized bone-destructive processes alternating with bone-constructive activity. The disease leads to deformity, fracture, and imbalance in calcium metabolism and carries with it an increased risk of cancer, particularly osteosarcoma. The long bones, vertebrae, pelvis, and skull are most commonly affected, in men more often than in women.

 Osteochondritis

 Osteogenesis Imperfecta - Hereditary disease of connective tissue that involves bone, sclera, inner ear, ligamentous structures, and skin.

 Osteomyelitis - It is the inflammation of bones, generally caused by bacteria.

 Osteonecrosis - The cells of the bone tissue die if deprived of arterial blood supply for more than a few hours. The condition is called necrosis of bone or osteonecrosis. It may be caused by injury to blood vessels, associated with dislocation or fracture of bone; by blood clots or gas bubbles in the blood vessels; by invasion of foreign tissue; and by metabolic disease.

 Osteoporosis - Disease characterized by the thinning of bones, with a consequent tendency to sustain fractures from minor stresses.

  Pectus Excavatum ( --> Funnel Chest) - A chest deformity caused by depression of the breastbone, or sternum.

 Poland Syndrome

 Polychondritis, Relapsing - Disease characterized by inflammation and destruction of cartilages. The disease begins in middle age and most often affects the external ear and the nose; there is painful swelling of the joints when their cartilage is affected. Involvement of the trachea may obstruct breathing or lead to pneumonia. This may affect the inner ear and cause deafness, or it may cause inflammation of the eyes

 Polymyalgia Rheumatica

 Polymyositis - A condition marked by inflammation and degeneration of skeletal muscle throughout the body.

 Spondylitis, Ankylosing - Also called Bekhterev spondylitis, deforming spondylitis, or Marie-Strümpell arthritis) is a degenerative disease of the spine that is characteristically seen chiefly in adolescent boys and young men. Its earliest symptom is chronic lower back pain. The progression of the disease can be noted in stiffness and limitation of movement, swollen joints (often indistinguishable from rheumatoid arthritis), fusion (ankylosis) and deformity of the spine, and anemia.

 Pseudogout ( --> Gout)

 Reiter's Disease - A medical condition typically affecting young men, characterized by arthritis, conjunctivitis, and urethritis, and caused by an unknown pathogen, possibly a chlamydia.

 Rhabdomyolysis - The destruction of striated muscle cells;

 Russell Silver Syndrome

 Scheuermann's Disease

 Scoliosis - Abnormal lateral curvature of the spine.

 Sever's Disease

 Spinal Diseases

 Spinal Stenosis - The abnormal narrowing of a passage in the body.

 Spondylolisthesis - Forward slipping of the body of one of the lumbar (lower back) vertebrae on the subjacent vertebra or on the sacrum, the triangular bone at the base of the spinal column. The condition is often associated with incompleteness of the vertebral arch, which surrounds the spinal cord.

 Sprengel's Deformity

 Still's Disease ( --> Arthritis, Rheumatoid) - Rheumatoid arthritis in children. The major difference between this illness and rheumatoid arthritis in adults is its effect on the rate of bone growth. Deformities of the spine are typical in Still's disease.

 Temporomandibular Joint Dysfuntion Syndrome

 Tennis Elbow - Inflammation of the tendons of the elbow (epicondylitis) caused by overuse of the muscles of the forearm.

 Tenosynovitis - Inflammation and swelling of a tendon, typically in the wrist, often caused by repetitive movements such as typing.

 Tietze's Syndrome (Costochondritis)