Adrenoleukodystrophy - It occurs only in males; it leads to blindness, motor weakness, spasticity, and signs of adrenal-gland failure.

Alexanders Disease -( --> Leukodystrophy)

Alzheimer Disease - It is the most common form of dementia. The disease develops differently among individuals, and this suggests that more than one pathologic process may lead to the same outcome. Typically, the first symptom to appear is forgetfulness, as short-term memory and immediate recall become impaired.

Arachnoiditis

Ataxia Telangiectasia -  (the Louis-Bar syndrome) - It comprises cerebellar incoordination and choreic movements, overgrowth of blood vessels on the conjunctivas (eye membranes), and disorders of the immune system.

Athetosis - ( --> Cerebral Palsy )
Paralysis (loss of volitional control over a motor function) resulting from a brain disorder suffered either before or at birth or during infancy. The meaning of the term cerebral palsy is broad, usually including all motor disturbances attributable to a cerebral disorder of early life.

Brain Ischemia

Dementia - Chronic, usually progressive deterioration of intellectual functions, usually owing to pathological changes in the brain.

Cerebral Palsy - Paralysis (loss of volitional control over a motor function) resulting from a brain disorder suffered either before or at birth or during infancy. The meaning of the term cerebral palsy is broad, usually including all motor disturbances attributable to a cerebral disorder of early life.

Cerebrovascular Disorders

Corticobasal Ganglionic Degeneration 

Creutzfeldt-Jakob Syndrome - Rare fatal degenerative disease of the central nervous system.

Dandy-Walker Syndrome

Encephalitis - It is most often caused by the direct or indirect action of an infective organism and sometimes by such noninfective agents as chemicals.

Encephalomyelitis - It causes sleeping sickness.

Epilepsy - Sudden and recurrent disturbances in mental function, state of consciousness, sensory activity, or movements of the body, caused by paroxysmal malfunction of cerebral nerve cells. It includes generalized convulsions in which there is sudden unconsciousness with falling and shaking of limbs (grand mal;), momentary lapses of awareness (petit mal;), and local movements and sensations in parts of the body (focal seizure; ), as well as other types of activity that may include bizarre automatic behaviour, strange memories, illusory and hallucinatory experiences, and changes in mood. It is not a specific disease but rather a complex of symptoms that results from any of a number of conditions that excessively excite nerve cells of the brain. 

Familial Mediterranean Fever - Also called MALTA FEVER, MEDITERRANEAN FEVER, OR UNDULANT FEVER, infectious disease causing fever, chills, sweats, weakness, pains, and aches, all of which usually terminate within three to six months.

Fatigue Syndrome, Chronic - Fatigue fracture begins with one or several cracks on the surface that spread inward in the course of repeated application of forces until complete rupture suddenly occurs when the small unaffected portion is too weak to sustain the load. 

Friedreich Ataxia - Inability to coordinate voluntary muscular movements. 

Pseudotumor Cerebri

Huntington Disease - Also called Huntington's chorea, is a relatively rare, and invariably fatal, hereditary disease. The symptoms usually appear between ages 35 and 50 and worsen over time. They begin with occasional jerking or writhing movements or what appear to be minor problems with coordination. Symptoms of mental deterioration may appear at some point, with apathy, lassitude, irritability, restlessness, or moodiness progressing to memory loss, dementia, manic depression, or schizophrenic symptoms. The choreiform muscular spasms, which are absent only during sleep, eventually become totally incapacitating. Death may usuallly occur 10 to 20 years after the appearance of the first symptoms.

Hydrocephalus - Accumulation of cerebrospinal fluid in the ventricles, or cavities, of the brain, causing progressive enlargement of the head, convulsion, and mental retardation.

Hypoxia, Brain - Hypoxia and asphyxia during a prolonged and difficult labour are the most common causes, but improvements in obstetrical care have reduced the incidence of the condition. It is manifest by a delay in the motor development of the infant, who shows such clinical evidence of damage to the motor systems as spasticity, weakness of the limbs, and athetosis or ataxia. Sensory, visual, and cognitive defects may be detected later. Mental retardation occurs in about half of these children.

Krabbe's Disease ( --> Leukodystrophy, Globoid Cell)

Kuru - Fatal degenerative disorder of the central nervous system. The first symptoms of the disease include joint pain and headaches, which typically are followed by loss of coordination, tremor, and dementia. After the onset of symptoms the disease progresses steadily, and death occurs within two years of the onset of symptoms.

Prion Diseases - A disease-causing agent that is responsible for a variety of fatal neurodegenerative diseases of animals and humans called transmissible spongiform encephalopathies. Diseases caused by prions include four disorders that affect humans: Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease, Gerstmann-Sträussler-Scheinker disease, fatal familial insomnia, and kuru. Other prion diseases, such as scrapie, bovine spongiform encephalopathy (commonly called mad cow disease), and chronic wasting disease of mule deer and elk, are suffered by animals.

Poliomyelitis - It is a disease that causes inflammation and destruction of the anterior horn cells (motor cells) of the spinal cord. The virus enters by the mouth and multiplies in the throat and intestinal tract. It attacks nerve cells and prevents them from sending out impulses to muscles. The result is paralysis of muscles, the extent of which depends on where the virus strikes and the number of cells that it destroys.

Tic Disorders -  A sudden rapid, recurring contraction in a muscle or group of muscles, occurring more often in the upper parts of the body. The movement is always brief, irresistible, and limited to one part of the body. It does not interfere with the use of the part involved and may be halted voluntarily, but only for a time. 

Tourette Syndrome - Also called TOURETTE'S DISORDER, OR GILLES DE LA TOURETTE'S SYNDROME, rare neurological disease characterized by recurrent motor and phonic tics (involuntary and purposeless muscle spasms and vocalizations). The syndrome occurs worldwide in all races, is usually inherited, and is three times more prevalent in males than in females.

Syringomyelia - Disease of the spinal cord and medulla oblongata of the brain (syringobulbia). The condition is chronic and progressive, with pathological changes in the neural tissue, characterized principally by excessive development and cavitation. There is gradual dissociated sensory loss, muscle wasting, and spasticity. First noticeable signs may be weakness of the small hand muscles or burns or other injuries with lack of pain.

Supranuclear Palsy, Progressive - Slowness of movement, rigidity of the muscles of the body, stooped and flexed posture, and repetitive tremor of the limbs are the main clinical features of Parkinson's disease, but depression and loss of intellectual agility are also common.

Stroke - ( --> Cerebrovascular Disorders) - Also called APOPLEXY, OR CEREBROVASCULAR ACCIDENT (cva), a sudden impairment of brain function resulting either from a substantial reduction in blood flow to some part of the brain or from intracranial bleeding. The consequences may include transient or lasting paralysis on one or both sides of the body, difficulties in using words or in eating, and a loss in muscular coordination. A stroke may cause cerebral infarctions--dead sections of brain tissue. Smoking, high cholesterol, diabetes, aging, and heritable defects are among the major factors making stroke more likely.

Spasms, Infantile (West Syndrome)

Olivopontocerebellar Atrophies

Parkinson Disease - It is a motor disorder characterized by the onset of a "pill rolling" rhythmic tremor, muscle rigidity, difficulty and slowness in movement, and stooped posture. As the disease progresses, the face of the patient becomes expressionless, the rate of swallowing is reduced, leading to drooling, and depression and dementia increase.

Periodic Disease ( --> Familial Mediterranean Fever) - Also called MALTA FEVER, MEDITERRANEAN FEVER, OR UNDULANT FEVER, infectious disease of humans and domestic animals characterized by the insidious onset of fever, chills, sweats, weakness, pains, and aches, all of which usually terminate within three to six months.

Postpoliomyelitis Syndrome - poliomyelitis

Landau-Kleffner Syndrome

Lennox-Gastaut Syndrome ( --> Epilepsy) - A neurological disorder marked by sudden recurrent episodes of sensory disturbance, loss of consciousness, or convulsions, associated with abnormal electrical activity in the brain.

Lennox-Gastaut Syndrome( --> Epilepsy) - Sudden and recurrent disturbances in mental function, state of consciousness, sensory activity, or movements of the body, caused by paroxysmal malfunction of cerebral nerve cells. Epilepsy includes generalized convulsions in which there is sudden unconsciousness with falling and shaking of limbs (grand mal;), momentary lapses of awareness (petit mal;), and local movements and sensations in parts of the body (focal seizure; ), as well as other types of activity that may include bizarre automatic behaviour, strange memories, illusory and hallucinatory experiences, and changes in mood.

Leukodystrophy, Globoid Cell

Leukodystrophy, Metachromatic - Rare inherited metabolic disease in which the lack of a key enzyme causes loss of the protective myelin sheath from the white matter of the brain, resulting in psychological disturbances, mental deterioration, and sensory and motor defects.

Lewy Body Disease

Machado-Joseph Disease

Meige Syndrome

Migraine - It is a disorder marked by extremely painful recurring headaches (migraine attacks), sometimes with nausea and vomiting. An attack is often triggered by an external stimulus, such as stress, hormonal changes that occur just before or during menstruation, or the ingestion of certain foods and drinks, such as alcoholic beverages. A minority of people with migraine experience initial warning symptoms (known as "aura") that precede the headache by as much as an hour: there may be illusions of flashing lights, loss of vision, dizziness, numbness, or transient defects in speech or body movement.

Myelitis - Inflammation of the spinal cord.