Adams-Stokes Disease ( --> Arrhythmia) - A condition in which the heart beats with an irregular or abnormal rhythm.

Aneurysm - A bulge or enlargement of some point in the wall of a blood vessel (usually an artery) resulting from disease of the vessel wall. Disease or injury can weaken an artery or cause thinning of its walls, which tend to balloon outward from the pressure of the circulating blood, forming a sac.

Angina Pectoris - Spasm of pain in the chest, usually brought on by exertion in persons who have diseased coronary arteries. A deep, viselike pain is felt beneath the breastbone and over the heart and stomach, and it sometimes radiates into the left shoulder and down the inner side of the left arm. A feeling of constriction or suffocation often accompanies the pain, though there is seldom actual difficulty in breathing. In acute cases, the sufferer becomes pale, his pulse is feeble, and he feels that death is imminent. Anginal pain may be quite mild in some cases, but its peculiar qualities can still induce feelings of anxiety in the sufferer.

Aortic Valve Stenosis - Although mild aortic valve stenosis is manageable in children, deterioration may occur with growth. Severe aortic stenosis in infancy and childhood may be associated with either sudden death or heart failure.

Arrhythmia - The most common arrhythmias are sinus arrhythmia, in which heart rate accelerates with the intake of breath and decelerates with expiration;

Arrhythmogenic Right Ventricular Dysplasia

Arteriosclerosis - Also called HARDENING OF THE ARTERIES, chronic disease characterized by abnormal thickening and hardening of the walls of arteries, with a resulting loss of elasticity.

Arteriovenous Malformations - A penetrating injury such as that caused by a bullet or a sharp instrument may result in an opening between an artery and its immediately adjacent vein (an arteriovenous fistula). Large amounts of blood may be shunted from the artery to the vein.

Buerger's Disease - Also called THROMBOANGIITIS OBLITERANS, inflammation of the peripheral arteries primarily, which occurs chiefly in men from adolescence to middle age. The disease causes intermittent lameness and pain during periods of rest. Buerger's disease may eventually block arteries and cause gangrene. 

Cardiac Tamponade - Pain is the most common symptom in acute pericarditis, though pericarditis may occur without pain. A characteristic sound, called friction rub, and characteristic electrocardiographic findings are factors in diagnosis. 

Cardiomyopathy, Hypertrophic - The cardiomyopathies are diseases involving the myocardium (heart muscle) itself. They are unique in that they are not the result of hypertensive, congenital, valvular, or pericardial diseases and are rarely the result of ischemic heart disease. This form of heart disease is often sufficiently distinctive, both in general symptoms and in patterns of blood flow, to allow a diagnosis to be made. Increasing awareness of the condition, along with improved diagnostic techniques, has shown that cardiomyopathy is a major cause of morbidity and mortality. 

Cerebral Hemorrhage 

Churg-Strauss Syndrome

Embolism, Cholesterol - It is obstruction of the flow of blood by an embolus, a particle or aggregate of substance that is abnormally present in the bloodstream.

Fibromuscular Dysplasia - Also called Mccune-albright Syndrome, rare congenital developmental disorder beginning in childhood, characterized by cyst formation and replacement of solid, calcified bone with fibrous tissue, often only on one side of the body, in the long bones and pelvis. Other signs include unilateral (one-sided) enlargement of the bones of the face and base of the skull, pale brown spots on the skin, and endocrine imbalance leading to precocious puberty, especially in girls.

Heart Failure, Congestive - Inability of either or both sides of the heart to pump sufficient blood to meet the needs of the body. Congestive heart failure, a syndrome resulting from disease that has caused the heart to be inadequate as a pump, is characterized by manifestations distant from the heart, predominantly related to salt and water retention in the tissues.

Hematoma, Epidural & Subdural - Injury to the outer ear can cause bleeding between the cartilage and the skin, producing a smooth, rounded, nontender purplish swelling called hematoma.

Hippel-Lindau Disease

Heart Defects, Congenital - Congenital heart defects can be classified into cyanotic and noncyanotic varieties. In the cyanotic varieties, a shunt bypasses the lungs and delivers venous (deoxygenated) blood from the right side of the heart into the arterial circulation. The infant's nail beds and lips have a blue colour due to the excess deoxygenated blood in their systems. Some infants with severe noncyanotic varieties of congenital heart disease may fail to thrive and may have breathing difficulties.

Holt-Oram Syndrome (--> Heart Defects, Congenital)

Hypertension - Also called HIGH BLOOD PRESSURE, condition in which the blood pressure in either arteries or veins is abnormally high. Blood pressure is the force exerted by the blood against the walls of the blood vessels.

Hypertension, Pulmonary

Hypoplastic Left Heart Syndrome - In hypoplastic left heart syndrome, the left-sided heart chambers, including the aorta, are underdeveloped. Infants born with this condition rarely survive more than two or three days. In other cases, only one chamber develops adequately. Survival often depends on the presence of associated compensatory abnormalities such as continued patency of the ductus arteriosus or the presence of a septal defect, which may allow either decompression of a chamber under elevated pressure or beneficial compensatory intracardiac shunting either from right to left or from left to right.

Intermittent Claudication - The classic symptom of arteriosclerosis affecting the legs is called intermittent claudication (intermittent lameness), which results from inadequate blood flow to the muscles involved in walking.

Hypotension - Also called LOW BLOOD PRESSURE, condition in which the blood pressure is abnormally low, either because of reduced blood volume or because of increased blood-vessel capacity. Though not in itself an indication of ill health, it often accompanies disease conditions.

Kawasaki Disease - Also called Kawasaki Disease, or Mucocutaneous Lymph Node Syndrome, rare, acute inflammatory disease of unknown origin that is one of the leading causes of acquired heart disease in children.

Klippel-Trenaunay-Weber Syndrome

Lateral Medullary Syndrome

Long QT Syndrome - The most common neurodegenerative disorder afflicting children. A mutation that increases susceptibility to venous thrombosis (blood clots in the veins) and two genes that cause the heart disorder known as long QT syndrome.

Mitral Valve Prolapse

Moyamoya Disease

Mucocutaneous Lymph Node Syndrome - Also called Kawasaki Disease, or Mucocutaneous Lymph Node Syndrome, rare, acute inflammatory disease of unknown origin that is one of the leading causes of acquired heart disease in children.

Myocardial Infarction - Death of a section of the myocardium, the muscle of the heart, caused by an interruption of the blood flow to the area. Commonly referred to as a heart attack, a myocardial infarction results from constriction or obstruction in the coronary arteries. The most common cause is a blood clot (thrombotic occlusion) that lodges in an area of an atherosclerotic coronary artery, thickened with cholesterol-containing plaque.

Myocardial Ischemia - Coronary heart disease is a general term for a number of syndromes. Ischemic heart disease, an alternative term, is actually more correct because the syndromes described are all to some degree manifestations of myocardial ischemia (a lack of blood supply to the myocardium, or heart muscle).

Myocarditis - Inflammation of the heart muscle.

Phlebitis - Inflammation of the wall of a vein. Phlebitis may result from the infection of tissues adjacent to the vein, or it may result from trauma or from a surgical operation or childbirth. A long period of bed rest and an attendant lack of blood circulation may also cause phlebitis. Varicose veins, obesity, and atherosclerosis are other predisposing factors. In many cases the cause of phlebitis is not known.

Peripheral Vascular Diseases

Pericarditis - Inflammation of the pericardium, the membranous sac that encloses the heart. A person with infectious pericarditis experiences pain over the heart, neck, and shoulder.

Polyarteritis Nodosa - Also called PERIARTERITIS NODOSA, inflammation of blood vessels and surrounding tissue. It may affect functioning of adjacent organs.

Raynaud's Disease - Disease, occurring primarily in young women, in which spasms in the arteries to the fingers cause the fingertips of both hands to become first pale and then cyanotic--bluish--upon exposure to cold or in response to emotion. Often the fingertips become cold and numb and perspire. The fingers may ache and move awkwardly. If the attack is prolonged, the rest of the hands and the feet may be affected. 

Romano-Ward Syndrome ( --> Long QT Syndrome)

Sneddon Syndrome

Takayasu's Arteritis

Telangiectasia, Hereditary Hemorrhagic

Telangiectasis

Tetralogy of Fallot

Thromboangiitis Obliterans - It is a disease of an inflammatory nature, poorly understood, that involves the arteries of the extremities, though other vessels, including those of the heart, may be involved. The symptoms are similar to those of arteriosclerosis of the peripheral vessels, with intermittent claudication, later pain during periods of rest, and eventually gangrene. An inflammation of the veins, phlebitis, occurs in almost 50 percent of those affected.

Thrombosis - The formation of a blood clot (thrombus) that tends to plug functionally normal blood vessels, is one of the major causes of death.

Tricuspid Atresia

Varicose Veins - This in the legs, by far the most common location, result from malfunctioning of the valves in the veins. 

Vasculitis - Inflammation of small blood vessels.

Ventricular Fibrillation - Irregular and uncoordinated contraction of the muscle fibres of the ventricles, the heart's lower chambers.

Wallenberg's Syndrome ( --> Lateral Medullary Syndrome)

William-Beuren Syndrome ( --> Williams Syndrome)

Williams Syndrome

Wolff-Parkinson-White Syndrome