Actinomycosis - A noncontagious bacterial infection characterized by multiple painful, hard swellings filled with pus, most often seen on the face, neck, chest, and abdomen. 

Anthrax -  Also called Splenic Fever, Malignant Pustule, or Woolsorters' Disease, acute, specific, infectious, febrile disease occurs as a cutaneous, pulmonary, or intestinal infection. The most common type occurs as a primary localized infection of the skin in the form of a carbuncle. Lesions occurring mostly on the hands, arms, or neck as a small pimple that develops rapidly into a large vesicle with black necrotic centre (the malignant pustule).

Bacteremia  - The presence of bacteria in the bloodstream, whether associated with active disease or not.

Bartonella Infections - Also called CARRIÓN'S DISEASE, rickettsial infection. Oroya fever, an acute febrile anemia of rapid onset, bone and joint pains, and a high mortality if untreated, and verruga peruana, a more benign skin eruption characterized by reddish papules and nodules.

Botulism  - Poisoning by the toxin, called botulinus toxin, or botulin. The first symptoms of poisoning, nausea and vomiting, usually appear six hours or less after the contaminated food is eaten, depending upon the amount of toxin ingested. The poisoned person becomes tired and may complain of headache and dizziness. Often his vision is blurred, and he may see double. The mucous membranes of the throat may become dry; the affected person may feel a constriction in the throat, soon associated with difficulty in swallowing and speaking; and a general muscle weakness occurs.

Brucellosis - Also called MALTA FEVER, MEDITERRANEAN FEVER, OR UNDULANT FEVER, infectious disease characterized by the insidious onset of fever, chills, sweats, weakness, pains, and aches, all of which usually terminate within three to six months.

Burkholderia Infections

Buruli Ulcer ( --> Mycobacterium Infections) - A bacterium of a group which includes the causative agents of leprosy and tuberculosis.

Campylobacter Infections - A bacterium which sometimes causes abortion in animals and food poisoning in humans. Infection occurs when an organism is ingested by the host, then grows inside the host and causes acute sickness and, in extreme cases, death. 

Candidiasis - Also called Moniliasis, infectious disease produced by the yeastlike fungus Candida albicans and closely related species. A common inhabitant of the mouth, vagina, and intestinal tract, Candida ordinarily causes no ill effects, except among infants and in persons debilitated by illness such as diabetes. 

Cat-scratch Disease 

Chlamydia Infections - It is a frequent cause of genital infections in women and, if an infant passes through an infected birth canal, it can produce disease of the eye and pneumonia in the newborn. Young children sometimes develop ear infections, laryngitis, and upper respiratory tract disease from Chlamydia. 

Clostridium Infections - Genus of rod-shaped, usually gram-positive bacteria, that includes many pathogenic species, e.g. those causing tetanus, gas gangrene, botulism, and other forms of food poisoning.

Cholera - Acute bacterial infection of the small intestine, caused by Vibrio cholerae and characterized by massive diarrhea with rapid and severe depletion of body fluids and salts.

Coccidioidomycosis - Coccidioidomycosis and histoplasmosis are two rather similar fungal infections.

Cross Infection

Cryptococcosis - Infestation with a yeast-like fungus, resulting in tumours in the lungs and sometimes spreading to the brain. It occurs chiefly in the United States. Also called torulosis.

Diphtheria - Acute infectious disease caused by the bacillus Corynebacterium diphtheriae and characterized by a primary lesion, usually in the upper respiratory tract, and more generalized symptoms resulting from the spread of bacterial toxin throughout the body.

Dermatomycoses

Escherichia coli Infections - Infections caused by Escherichia coli,  transmitted by water, milk, food, or flies and other insects causing diarrhea

Ehrlichiosis

Fasciitis, Necrotizing- An acute disease in which inflammation of the fasciae of muscles or other organs results in rapid destruction of overlying tissues.

Fusobacterium Infections

Gas Gangrene - Gangrene is differentiated as being either dry or moist. Dry gangrene results from a gradual decrease in the blood supply (as from diabetes or arteriosclerosis) in the affected area, often an extremity. The diseased part may at first be discoloured and cold to the touch; later it becomes distinct from nearby healthy tissue, turning dark and dry. If the infection is confined to a small area, the diseased tissue may eventually dry up completely and fall off. 

Granuloma Inguinale - Mildly contagious venereal disease occurring predominantly in tropical areas and more frequently affecting dark-skinned people, characterized by deep, purulent ulcers on or near the genital organs.

Histoplasmosis - Infection with the fungus occurring spontaneously. The disease is contracted by the inhalation of dust containing spores of the fungus.

Impetigo - Infection is caused by staphylococcal or streptococcal bacteria. It is seldom contagious in adults, a little more so in children, and very contagious in newborn infants.

Klebsiella Infections - Genus of rod-shaped bacteria of the family Enterobacteriaceae. Klebsiella organisms are categorized microbiologically as gram-negative, facultative anaerobic, nonmotile bacteria. Klebsiella pneumoniae, also called Friedländer's bacillus, can infect the human respiratory tract and cause pneumonia, although the disease is usually seen only in patients with underlying medical problems such as alcoholism or chronic pulmonary disease.

Legionellosis - Form of pneumonia caused by a previously unknown bacillus subsequently named Legionella pneumophila.

Leprosy - Also called HANSEN'S DISEASE, a chronic disease of man caused by the Mycobacterium leprae bacillus, characterized by lesions of the skin and superficial nerves; the disease also may involve the eyes, testes, and mucous membranes of the nose and pharynx.

Leptospirosis - It is an acute systemic illness characterized by extensive inflammation of the blood vessels. The first symptoms to arise are the abrupt onset of fever, chills, muscle aches, headache, abdominal pain, vomiting, and red eyes.

Lemierre's Syndrome ( --> Fusobacterium Infections)

Listeria Infections - Evidence suggests that most humans with listeriosis may be infected by soil-contaminated food. The disease normally develops in persons whose immune systems are weak or impaired, such as newborn infants, pregnant women, the elderly, and those whose immune systems have been compromised by an underlying disease or by immunosuppressive drugs. The disease may appear as a mild influenza-like illness and go unrecognized.

Lyme Disease - The first and mildest stage is characterized by a circular rash in a bull's-eye pattern that appears anywhere from a few days to a month after the tick bite. The rash is often accompanied by such flu-like symptoms as headaches, fatigue, chills, loss of appetite, fever, and aching joints or muscles. The majority of persons who contract Lyme disease experience only these first-stage symptoms, and never become seriously ill. A minority, however, will go on to the second stage of the disease, which begins two weeks to three months after infection. This stage is indicated by arthritic pain that migrates from joint to joint and by disturbances of memory, vision, locomotion, or other neurological symptoms. The third stage of Lyme disease, which generally begins within two years of the bite, is marked by crippling arthritis and by neurological symptoms that resemble those of multiple sclerosis. Symptoms vary widely, however, and some victims experience facial paralysis, meningitis, memory loss, mood swings, and an inability to concentrate.

Melioidosis - Acute melioidosis, which can be fatal, is characterized by fever, chills, cough, bloody and purulent sputum, diarrhea, and abdominal pain. Physical examination may reveal signs of lung inflammation and pus formation, jaundice, and enlargement of the liver and spleen. Chronic melioidosis may follow the acute phase of the disease or may sometimes develop without it. It is associated with inflammation of the bones and lymph nodes and with the formation of abscesses beneath the skin and inside the lungs and abdominal organs.

Meningitis, Bacterial - Bacterial meningitis usually has three main stages. At first, the bacteria multiply in the nasal passages and throat, often causing no painful symptoms. Next, they invade the blood, introducing toxic substances into the circulation and causing fever.

Mycobacterium Infections - Genus of rod-shaped bacteria of the family Mycobacteriaceae (order Actinomycetales), the most important species of which, M. tuberculosis and M. leprae, cause tuberculosis and leprosy, respectively.

Mycoplasma Infection - Mycoplasma species are parasites of joints and the mucous membranes lining the respiratory, genital, or digestive tracts of ruminants, carnivores, rodents, and humans. Toxic byproducts excreted by the bacterium accumulate in the host's tissues, causing damage. M. pneumoniaecauses a widespread but rarely fatal pneumonia in humans. Mycoplasma infection may also trigger a serious immune reaction in the host.

Onychomycosis

Ornithosis - Psittacosis also called ORNITHOSIS, OR PARROT FEVER, infectious disease of worldwide distribution caused by a bacterial parasite (Chlamydia psittaci) and transmitted to humans from various birds. It usually causes only mild symptoms of illness in birds, but in humans it can be fatal if untreated. Humans usually contract the disease by inhaling dust particles contaminated with the excrement of infected birds. The bacterial parasite thus gains access to the body and multiplies in the blood and tissues. It also causes high fever and pneumonia, with such other symptoms as chills, weakness, head and body aches, and (sometimes) an elevated respiratory rate.

Plague - An infectious fever caused by the bacillus Yersinia pestis, transmitted by the rat flea. It is primarily a disease of rodents, and epidemics in human beings originate in contact with the fleas of infected rodents.

Psittacosis in humans ( --> Ornithosis) - Humans usually contract the disease by inhaling dust particles contaminated with the excrement of infected birds. The bacterial parasite thus gains access to the body and multiplies in the blood and tissues. In humans psittacosis causes high fever and pneumonia, with such other symptoms as chills, weakness, head and body aches, and (sometimes) an elevated respiratory rate.

Q Fever - Also called Rickettsial Pneumonia, or Balkan Grippe, acute, self-limited, systemic disease caused by the rickettsia Coxiella burnetii.The incubation period of the disease is from two to four weeks, averaging about 18 to 21 days. The onset may be gradual but generally is sudden, and the disease is ushered in by fever, chills or chilly sensations, headache, muscle aches, loss of appetite, disorientation, and profuse sweating. Symptoms in the upper respiratory tract may be present but generally are infrequent and minimal; and pneumonia, even when relatively extensive, may be detectable only by X-ray examination. Although Q fever is, on the whole, a mild disease, it can sometimes result in severe and protracted illness.

Relapsing Fever - Infectious disease characterized by recurring fever symptoms and caused by spirochetes that have been given a number of conflicting genus and species designations.

Rheumatic Fever - A generalized disease resulting from infection with the group. A hemolytic streptococcus and characterized by fever and inflammation of the joints and heart. It occurs chiefly in children and young adults, with a peak incidence between ages 5 and 15. The exact cause of rheumatic fever is not clear; the condition is generally thought to result from the reaction of the body, possibly an allergy, to one or more products of the hemolytic streptococcus, rather than to the direct action of the infective organism

Rickettsia Infections - The rickettsias cause a group of diseases in human beings characterized by fever and a rash, and all depend for survival on passing at some stage through the body of a louse, mite, tick, or flea.

Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever - The clinical course of the disease is essentially similar to that of typhus fever. In severe cases of spotted fever the rash tends to be more hemorrhagic and to be accentuated on the extremities, particularly about the wrists and ankles. Nervous and mental symptoms are common; restlessness, insomnia, disorientation, and delirium are frequent manifestations of involvement of the central nervous system. Prostration may be marked from the beginning, merging into coma with death possible as early as the sixth or seventh day. Convalescence is likely to be slow and may be complicated by visual disturbances, deafness, and mental confusion.

Salmonella Infections - It results in the abrupt onset of nausea, cramplike abdominal pain, and loose, watery diarrhea with blood and mucus. It is generally a self-limited illness; no treatment is required and death is rare. 

Scarlet Fever - Also called Scarlatina, acute infectious disease caused by certain types of hemolytic (hemoglobin-liberating) streptococcal bacteria. The skin is marked with small, red spots, more frequent, more diffuse, and more red than in measles. These last two or three days. They then disappear, leaving the skin covered with brawny squamulae [scales], as if powdered with meal."The first symptoms are fever, sore throat, headache, and, in children, vomiting. From two to three days later the rash appears as a reddening of the skin that begins on the neck, in the armpits and groin, and upon the chest. The face is flushed, with a ring of pallor around the lips. The throat is inflamed, and red spots appear upon the palate. The tongue is coated, but the edges are deeply inflamed. After four days the coating on the tongue disappears, leaving a swollen, deeply injected surface with prominent papillae (strawberry tongue).

Scrub Typhus - Also called TSUTSUGAMUSHI DISEASE, acute infectious disease in humans that is caused by the parasite Rickettsia tsutsugamushi and is transmitted to humans by the bite of certain kinds of trombiculid mites, or chiggers. A person falls ill with scrub typhus about 10 to 12 days after being bitten by an infected mite. A reddish or pinkish lesion appears at the site of the mite bite, and the person begins to experience headache, fever, chills, and general pains, along with swollen lymph glands. About one week after the fever has started, a pinkish rash develops over the skin of the trunk and may extend to the arms and legs. While the course of the fever may end in two weeks, it is not unusual for it to last three or even four weeks. A more or less extensive pneumonitis is common, and abnormalities in the heart, lungs, and blood may also arise, leading to impairment of heart function and circulatory failure. When untreated, scrub typhus can be fatal, but the course of the disease can now be arrested by the administration of chloramphenicol or the tetracyclines, upon which recovery is prompt and uneventful.

Sepsis - The presence in tissues of harmful bacteria and their toxins, typically through infection of a wound.

Staphylococcal Infections (Streptococcal Infections) - Staphylococci affect the lungs either in the course of staphylococcal septicemia--when the germs leak out of the circulating blood and cause scattered abscesses in the lungs--or as a complication of a viral infection, commonly influenza--when these organisms invade the damaged lung cells and cause a life-threatening form of pneumonia. Streptococcal pneumonia is the least common of the three and occurs usually as a complication of influenza or other lung disease.

Tetanus - It is caused by Clostridium tetani, a spore-forming organism similar to C. botulinum. The tetanus organism lives in the soil and is ubiquitous. It gains access to the human body through wounds, particularly deep punctures. This is a common cause of death if the tetanus is untreated, but there are other toxic effects on the heart, blood pressure, and vital brain centres that may kill later in the disease.

Thrush - ( --> Candidiasis) - Also called ORAL CANDIDIASIS, MYCOTIC STOMATITIS, OR WHITE MOUTH, fungus infection characterized by raised white patches on the tongue that resemble milk curds. When gently scraped off, these patches reveal inflamed tissue that tends to bleed easily. Beginning on the tongue, the creamy white spots can spread to the gums, palate, tonsils, throat, and elsewhere.

Tick-Borne Diseases 

Tinea - Superficial skin lesions are referred to as ringworm or tinea, both names referring to the round shape of most of the lesions, similar to the holes made in woollen garments by the clothes moth, genus Tinea. Diagnosis of these conditions is made by observation and by microscopic examination. 

Tinea Pedis - (Athlete's Foot; --> Dermatomycoses)
 It is commonly referred to as athlete's foot, which may be either of the dry or inflammatory type. In the latter type, the infection may lie dormant much of the time and undergo occasional acute exacerbations, with the development of vesicles (blisters) affecting chiefly the skin folds between the toes; the dry type is a chronic process marked by slight redness of the skin and dry scaling that may involve the sole and sides of the foot as well as the toenails, which become thick and brittle.

Toxic Shock Syndrome ( --> Streptococcal Infections) - Characterized by high fever, headache, diarrhea, vomiting, irritability, sore throat, and rash. Abdominal tenderness, severe hypotension, shock, respiratory distress, and renal failure sometimes develop.

Tuberculosis - It is acquired by the inhalation of bacilli from the sputum or other fluid discharges of infected persons. The minute droplets discharged by sneezing, coughing, and even talking can contain hundreds of tubercle bacilli that may be inhaled by a healthy person. It commonly affect the lungs, in which case the disease is known as pulmonary tuberculosis. Infections  often affect the bones and joints. 

Tularemia - It can be spread by the bite of an infected animal; by contact with the blood or fine dust from the animal's body during skinning or similar operations; by the bite of a tick, mosquito, or deerfly; or by the ingestion of infected animal products that have not been properly cooked. It causes painful sore at the site of the infection and a swelling of the lymph node that drains the area; the sore is often on the finger and the swelling, or bubo, in the armpit.

Typhoid - Also called Typhoid Fever, acute infectious disease of humans caused by the bacterium Salmonella typhi causing septicemia (blood poisoning) and systemic infection.The early symptoms of typhoid appear headache, lassitude, generalized aching, fever, and restlessness that may interfere with sleep. There may be loss of appetite, nosebleeds, cough, and diarrhea or constipation.

Typhus, Epidemic Louse-Borne - An infected person experiences headache, loss of appetite, malaise, and a rapid rise in temperature with fever, chills, marked prostration, and nausea. A characteristic rash appears over most of the body. Depression and weakness may be protracted during the recovery, and the patient's convalescence is slow. In fatal cases of the disease, prostration is progressive, and delirium and coma follow; cardiac failure may be the immediate cause of death.

Undulant Fever( --> Brucellosis) - Also called MALTA FEVER, MEDITERRANEAN FEVER, OR UNDULANT FEVER, infectious disease of humans and domestic animals characterized by the insidious onset of fever, chills, sweats, weakness, pains, and aches, all of which usually terminate within three to six months.

Vibrio Infections (genus Vibrio) -  Any of a group of comma-shaped bacteria in the family Vibrionaceae. They are aquatic microorganisms, some species of which cause serious diseases in humans and other animals. Vibrios are microbiologically characterized as gram.

Yaws - The symptoms are an initial papule on the skin at the site of inoculation, followed by multiple cauliflower eruptions, and later, in some cases, by mutilating destruction of the skin, mucous membranes, and bones. The primary yaws sore is characterized by a wartlike thickening of the epidermis, which becomes fibrous, cracks open, bleeds easily, and discharges a serous fluid.

Yersinia Enterocolitica Infection

Zoonoses - Any disease shared by humans and other vertebrate animals.

Zygomycosis